當(dāng)?shù)貢r(shí)間2月8日，美國國家工程院（The National Academy of Engineering ，NAE）公布了最新入選的84名院士和22名外籍院士名單。加上今年新院士后，美國國家工程院院士總數(shù)為：院士 2281名，外籍院士249名。

在這份新鮮出爐的名單中，共有8位華人入選。分別是：

加利福尼亞大學(xué)計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)系教授叢京生；

加利福尼亞大學(xué)電子工程與計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)系教授King Liu, Tsu-Jae；

通用電氣副總裁陳向力；

美國能源部太平洋西北國家實(shí)驗(yàn)室Leung, L. Ruby；

倫斯勒理工學(xué)院電子與計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)工程學(xué)院教授周祖康（Chow, Joe H）；

南加州大學(xué)化學(xué)工程和材料科學(xué)系教授張東曉；

西北大學(xué)機(jī)械工程學(xué)院教授黃永剛；

微軟全球執(zhí)行副總裁沈向洋（外籍院士）。

美國國家工程院的新聞稿稱，入選NAE院士，對(duì)于工程師而言是最高的專業(yè)榮譽(yù)。這一榮譽(yù)是對(duì)入選人在工程領(lǐng)域內(nèi)從事研究、實(shí)踐和教育做出卓越貢獻(xiàn)的肯定。

美國國家工程院官網(wǎng)介紹，院士的評(píng)定由同行（當(dāng)前美國國家工程院院士）推薦。

值得一提的是，美國國家工程院拒絕個(gè)人申請(qǐng)。無論是院士（美國國籍）還是外籍院士（非美國國籍）候選人提名和選舉，需要符合下述1個(gè)或2個(gè)類別：

1.授予那些在工程領(lǐng)域內(nèi)從事研究、實(shí)踐和教育并做出卓越貢獻(xiàn)的人士，其中包括對(duì)工程研究做出正確的、巨大的貢獻(xiàn)的學(xué)者。

2.還有那些對(duì)新的技術(shù)領(lǐng)域起到開創(chuàng)作用、在傳統(tǒng)工程領(lǐng)域具有突出貢獻(xiàn)、或者是在工程教育中開發(fā)或者采納了創(chuàng)新方法的學(xué)者。

除了上述兩個(gè)條件外，美國國家工程院還特別提到了一點(diǎn)：院士候選人應(yīng)保證自己的專業(yè)誠信，并被同行和其他專業(yè)人士認(rèn)可。

院士候選人具體的選舉過程為，由當(dāng)前一名院士推薦，并有三名額外的院士或榮譽(yù)院士支持。提名和候選人的申請(qǐng)時(shí)間一般在每年的2月至5月之間。每年的提名人選僅向當(dāng)前的院士發(fā)布，并對(duì)外嚴(yán)格保密。美國國家工程院同行委員會(huì)對(duì)各個(gè)領(lǐng)域的提名人進(jìn)行審查，并向美國國家工程院委員會(huì)給出建議，以便美國國家工程院的理事會(huì)進(jìn)行審議。最終的入選名單在下一年的1月份經(jīng)過全院的成員投票選出，結(jié)果于2月中旬對(duì)外界公布。整個(gè)過程都嚴(yán)格保密。

Facebook、微軟人工智能“大牛”入選

在今年的名單中，人工智能領(lǐng)域有兩位著名人物入選。分別是Facebook人工智能實(shí)驗(yàn)室主任楊樂昆（Yann LeCun），微軟全球執(zhí)行副總裁沈向洋。

楊樂昆出生在法國，曾在多倫多大學(xué)跟隨深度學(xué)習(xí)鼻祖Geoffrey Hinton進(jìn)行博士后的研究，現(xiàn)在是紐約大學(xué)終身教授，是人工智能神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)研究的先鋒。在加盟Facebook之前，他在貝爾實(shí)驗(yàn)室工作了超過20年，那里是全世界最著名的計(jì)算機(jī)研究實(shí)驗(yàn)室，誕生過許多偉大的產(chǎn)品。楊樂昆在貝爾實(shí)驗(yàn)室工作期間開發(fā)了一套能夠識(shí)別手寫數(shù)字的系統(tǒng)，并把它命名為L(zhǎng)eNet。這個(gè)系統(tǒng)能自動(dòng)識(shí)別銀行支票。

2013年，F(xiàn)acebook成立了人工智能研究實(shí)驗(yàn)室（FAIR），楊樂昆成為Facebook這個(gè)新成立實(shí)驗(yàn)室的主任。

美國國家工程院給楊樂昆入選的理由為：“開發(fā)了卷積神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)，并將它們應(yīng)用于計(jì)算機(jī)視覺和其他人工智能領(lǐng)域。”

值得一提的是，微軟全球執(zhí)行副總裁沈向洋是今年美國國家工程院選出的外籍院士之一。沈向洋出生在江蘇南京，大學(xué)畢業(yè)于南京工學(xué)院（現(xiàn)為東南大學(xué)）；后相繼獲得香港大學(xué)電機(jī)電子工程系碩士學(xué)位；研究生畢業(yè)后，進(jìn)入卡內(nèi)基梅隆大學(xué)計(jì)算機(jī)學(xué)院，成為著名的計(jì)算機(jī)專家拉吉·瑞迪（Raj Reddy）教授的學(xué)生，1996年獲卡內(nèi)基梅隆大學(xué)計(jì)算機(jī)學(xué)院機(jī)器人專業(yè)博士學(xué)位。

沈向洋是計(jì)算機(jī)視覺和圖形學(xué)研究的專家，同時(shí)也是美國電氣電子工程協(xié)會(huì)院士（IEEE Fellow）及國際計(jì)算機(jī)協(xié)會(huì)院士（ACM Fellow），曾任國際計(jì)算視覺期刊編委會(huì)成員，擔(dān)任2007年計(jì)算機(jī)視覺國際會(huì)議議程主席。曾發(fā)表關(guān)于計(jì)算機(jī)視覺、計(jì)算機(jī)圖形學(xué)、圖形識(shí)別、統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)習(xí)和機(jī)器人科學(xué)方面100多篇論文，擁有超過50項(xiàng)美國專利。

對(duì)于沈向洋的入選，美國國家工程院認(rèn)為：“對(duì)計(jì)算機(jī)視覺和計(jì)算機(jī)圖形學(xué)有突出貢獻(xiàn)，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)行業(yè)的研究和產(chǎn)品發(fā)展”。

8位華人學(xué)者入選

除了沈向洋入選外籍院士外，另有7位華人學(xué)者入選院士。

其中，黃永剛因在可伸展電子器件力學(xué)及機(jī)械引導(dǎo)三維自組裝方面的先驅(qū)工作當(dāng)選。根據(jù)北京大學(xué)工學(xué)院的公開信息，黃永剛，1962年出生，1984年畢業(yè)于北京大學(xué)力學(xué)系，1990年獲美國哈佛大學(xué)博士學(xué)位。黃永剛的父親為清華大學(xué)教授黃克智，父子二人均為國際固體力學(xué)領(lǐng)域的領(lǐng)袖人物。

張東曉，現(xiàn)為北京大學(xué)工學(xué)院院長(zhǎng)，因在多孔介質(zhì)流體隨機(jī)模擬的先鋒工作而當(dāng)選NAE院士。張東曉本科畢業(yè)于東北大學(xué)，1990年秋赴美國亞利桑那大學(xué)留學(xué)，從師于世界著名的水文專家紐曼院士，分別于1992和1993年獲水資源系碩士和博士學(xué)位。博士畢業(yè)后在美國亞利桑那大學(xué)從事博士后研究工作。曾在美國南加州大學(xué)和奧克拉荷馬大學(xué)任職。

叢京生，洛杉磯加州大學(xué)計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)系教授、系主任，兼超大規(guī)模集成電路計(jì)算機(jī)輔助設(shè)計(jì)（VLSI CAD）實(shí)驗(yàn)室主任。1985年，叢京生本科畢業(yè)于北京大學(xué)計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)與技術(shù)系；1987年獲得美國伊利諾大學(xué)香賓分校（UIUC） 計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)系碩士學(xué)位；1990年獲得美國伊利諾大學(xué)香賓分校計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)系博士學(xué)位。同時(shí)，他也是IEEE院士。自2000年起，叢京生受聘為北京大學(xué)講座教授。美國國家工程院給出入選理由：“通過在現(xiàn)場(chǎng)可編程門陣列合成上的創(chuàng)新，對(duì)應(yīng)用指向型的可編程邏輯做出貢獻(xiàn)”

陳向力，通用電氣副總裁。1985年畢業(yè)于中國科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué)，獲物理學(xué)學(xué)士學(xué)位，后獲美國伊利諾大學(xué)碩士和博士學(xué)位，共有七項(xiàng)專利，發(fā)表技術(shù)論文40多篇。2009年9月，上海市政府授予陳向力白玉蘭獎(jiǎng)。美國國家工程院給的入選理由是：“在光學(xué)傳感和激光精密加工上的開創(chuàng)性工作，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)全球化的創(chuàng)業(yè)研究和發(fā)展。”

周祖康，現(xiàn)為倫斯勒理工學(xué)院電子與計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)工程學(xué)院教授。因“對(duì)建模、分析和大規(guī)模能源系統(tǒng)的控制有技術(shù)貢獻(xiàn)。”當(dāng)選美國國家工程院院士。

Leung, L. Ruby，現(xiàn)為美國能源部太平洋西北國家實(shí)驗(yàn)室成員，長(zhǎng)期從事區(qū)域氣候模式的發(fā)展和應(yīng)用研究，是國際公認(rèn)的區(qū)域氣候模擬領(lǐng)域的領(lǐng)軍者。美國國家工程院給予她的入選理由：“在氣候變化和水文處理上的地區(qū)和全球計(jì)算機(jī)建模上做出開創(chuàng)性工作。”

King Liu, Tsu-Jae，現(xiàn)為加利福尼亞大學(xué)電子工程與計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)系教授。本科、碩士和博士均畢業(yè)于斯坦福大學(xué)。美國國家工程院給出的入選理由：在鰭式場(chǎng)效電晶體（FinFET）上有突出貢獻(xiàn)，并把其應(yīng)用到納米互補(bǔ)金屬氧化物半導(dǎo)體技術(shù)中。

另附106位院士名單：

院士

Allen, David T., Melvin H. Gertz Regents Chair in Chemical Engineering, McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas, Austin.

Arruda, Ellen M., professor, macromolecular science and engineering, department of mechanical engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.

Asphahani, Aziz I., chief executive officer, QuesTek Innovations LLC, Evanston, Ill.

Boger, David Vernon, professor, department of chemical engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.

Bose, Arindam, consultant in business organization, biotechnology, bioengineering, and biosimilars, AbiologicsB LLC, Pawcatuck, Conn.

Bose, Bimal K., consultant and emeritus professor, department of electrical engineering and computer science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville.

Bostick, Thomas P., senior vice president, environment sector, Intrexon Corp., Germantown, Md.

Boulanger, Ross W., professor and director, Center for Geotechnical Engineering, department of civil and environmental engineering, University of California, Davis.

Budnitz, Robert J., staff scientist, earth sciences division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley.

Cabuz, Cleopatra, vice president of engineering, Honeywell Industrial Safety, Honeywell Corp., Golden Valley, Minn.

Ceder, Gerbrand, Chancellor’s Professor of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley.

Chen, Xiangli, vice president, General Electric Co., and president, GE China Technology Center, Shanghai.

Chong, Dianne, retired vice president, assembly, factory, and support technologies, Boeing Engineering, Operations, and Technology, Boeing Co., Bellevue, Wash.

Chow, Joe H., professor, electrical and computer systems engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, N.Y.

Cong, Jingsheng Jason, Chancellor's Professor and director, Center for Dynamic-Specific Computing, computer science department, University of California, Los Angeles.

Crocker, James H., vice president, international, and general manager, Lockheed Martin Space Systems Co., Littleton, Colo.

Dankberg, Mark David, chairman and chief executive officer, ViaSat Inc., Carlsbad, Calif.

Daskin, Mark S., Clyde W. Johnson Collegiate Professor and chair, department of industrial and operations engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.

Diffie, Bailey Whitfield, adviser, Black Ridge Technology, Redwood City, Calif.

Dindoruk, Birol, principal technical expert of reservoir engineering, Shell Technology Center, Shell International E&P Inc., Houston.

Dogru, Ali H., chief technologist and fellow, computational modeling technology, EXPEC ARC (Exploration and Petroleum Engineering Center – Advanced Research Center), Saudi Aramco/Saudi Arabian Oil Co., Dhahran, Saudi Arabia.

Ducharme, Eric H., general manager, advanced technology, GE Aviation, Cincinnati.

Entekhabi, Dara, Bacardi and Stockholm Water Foundations Professor, department of civil and environmental engineering and department of earth, atmospheric, and planetary sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge.

Ewing, Rodney C., Frank Stanton Professor in Nuclear Security, Center for International Security and Cooperation, and professor, department of geological and environmental sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif.

Gerngross, Tillman U., co-founder and chief executive officer, Adimab LLC, Lebanon, N.H.

Giri, Jay, director, power systems technology and strategic initiatives, GE Grid Solutions, General Electric Co., Redmond, Wash.

Goldsmith, Andrea Jo, Stephen Harris Professor of Engineering, department of electrical engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif.

Gray III, George T. (Rusty), laboratory fellow, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, N.M.

Guibas, Leonidas J., Paul Pigott Professor of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, computer science department, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif.

Gunsel, Selda, general manager, products and quality, Shell Global Lubricants Supply Chain, Royal Dutch Shell PLC, Houston.

Hammond, Paula Therese, David H. Koch Professor and department head, department of chemical engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge.

Hastings, Daniel E., Cecil and Ida Green Education Professor, chief executive officer, and director, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge.

Hirschberg, Julia, Percy K. and Vida L.W. Hudson Professor of Computer Science, and chair, department of computer science, Columbia University, New York City.

Holmes, William T., senior consultant, Rutherford & Chekene, Consulting Structural Engineers, San Francisco.

Holmgren, Jennifer R., chief executive officer, LanzaTech, Skokie, Ill.

Howell, Kathleen Connor, associate dean for engineering and Hsu Lo Distinguished Professor of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Ind.

Huang, Yonggang, Walter P. Murphy Professor of Engineering, department of mechanical engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Ill.

Imran, Mir A., chairman and chief executive officer, Incube Ventures, San Jose, Calif.

Katabi, Dina, professor, computer science and artificial intelligence laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge.

Katsoulis, Dimitris E., senior research scientist, Dow Corning Corp., Midland, Mich.

King Liu, Tsu-Jae, TSMC Distinguished Professor in Microelectronics and chair, department of electrical engineering and computer sciences, University of California, Berkeley.

LeCun, Yann A., director, AI Research, Facebook, New York City.

Leung, L. Ruby, laboratory fellow, atmospheric sciences and global change division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy, Richland, Wash.

Lewis, Jennifer A., Hansjorg Wyss Professor of Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass.

Ligler, George T., consultant, GTL Associates, Fuquay-Varina, N.C. For leadership and engineering innovation in specifying and implementing complex computer-based systems for aviation and the U.S. Census.

Lipner, Steven B., executive director, SAFECode, Wakefield, Mass.

McCabe, Robert W., program director, division of chemical, bioengineering, environmental, and transport systems, National Science Foundation, Arlington, Va.

Moncarz, Piotr D., principal engineer, buildings and structures, Exponent, Menlo Park, Calif.

Monnier, John R., research professor, chemical engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia.

Nalamasu, Omkaram, senior vice president and chief technology officer, Applied Materials Inc., and president, Applied Ventures LLC, Santa Clara, Calif.

Narayan, Jagdish, John C.C. Fan Distinguished Chair Professor, department of materials science and engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh.

Nemirovski, Arkadi, John Hunter Chair and Professor, H. Milton Stewart School of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta.

Niemeier, Debbie A., professor, department of civil and environmental engineering, University of California, Davis.

Panday, Sorab, principal engineer, GSI Environmental Inc., Herndon, Va.

Parlange, Marc Brendan, dean, faculty of applied science, and professor, department of civil engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.

Poston, Randall W., senior principal, Pivot Engineers, Austin, Texas.

Razavi, Behzad, professor, department of electrical engineering, University of California, Los Angeles.

Schaeffer, Jon C., senior engineering manager, materials and processes engineering, GE Power & Water, Greenville, S.C.

Scheeres, Daniel Jay, distinguished professor and A. Richard Seebass Endowed Chair Professor in Aerospace Engineering Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder.

Schlom, Darrell G., Herbert Fisk Johnson Professor of Industrial Chemistry, department of materials science and engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, N.Y.

Servedio, Dominick M., executive chairman, STV Group, New York City.

Slaughter, E. Sarah, chief executive officer and founder, Built Environment Coalition, Cambridge, Mass.

Slocum Jr., Alexander H., professor, department of mechanical engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge.

Smith, Megan Joan, former U.S. Chief Technology Officer and assistant to the president, White House Office of Science and Technology, Washington, D.C.

Solomon, Darlene Joy Spira, senior vice president and chief technology officer, Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, Calif.

Spalart, Philippe R., senior technical fellow, Boeing Commercial Airplanes, Seattle.

Splinter, Michael R., general partner, WISC Partners, Los Altos, Calif. Strano, Michael S., Carbon P. Dubbs Professor of Chemical Engineering, department of chemical engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge.

Tayur, Sridhar R., Ford Distinguished Research Chair Professor of Operations Management, Tepper School of Business, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh.

Toner, Mehmet, Helen Andrus Benedict Professor, Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, and professor of health sciences, Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Boston.

Turinsky, Paul J., professor, department of nuclear engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh.

Valenzuela, Reinaldo A., director, wireless communications research, Nokia Bell Labs, Holmdel, N.J.

van Welie, Gordon, president and chief executive officer, ISO New England, Holyoke, Mass.

Van Wie, David M., mission area executive, precision strike mission area, Applied Physics Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University, Laurel, Md.

Varghese, George, Chancellor’s Professor, department of computer science, University of California, Los Angeles.

Vautrinot, Suzanne M., president, Kilovolt Consulting Inc., San Antonio.

Voight, Barry, professor emeritus of geology and geological engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park. For contributions to the understanding, management, and mitigation of geologic hazards.

Westbrook, Charles K., retired senior scientist, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, Calif.

Wilson, Blake S., co-director, Duke Hearing Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, N.C. Winzer, Peter J., director, optical transmission systems and networks research, Nokia Bell Labs, Holmdel, N.J. Yannas, Ioannis V., professor of polymer science and engineering, department of mechanical engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge.

Yarmush, Martin L., Paul and Mary Monroe Chair Distinguished Professor, biomedical engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, N.J.

Yelick, Katherine A., associate laboratory director, computer science, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, and professor, electrical engineering and computer science, University of California, Berkeley.

Zhang, Dongxiao (Don), research professor, Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles.

外籍院士：

Alcocer, Sergio Manuel, research professor, Institute of Engineering, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City.

Arakawa, Yasuhiko, professor, electrical engineering department, University of Tokyo, Tokyo.

Asakawa, Chieko, chief technology officer for accessibility research and technology, IBM Research Tokyo, IBM Japan Ltd., Tokyo.

Beven, Keith John, distinguished professor of hydrology, Lancaster Environmental Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom.

Charlès, Bernard, president and chief executive officer, Dassault Systèmes, Vélizy-Villacoublay, France.

Foster, F. Stuart, professor and Canada Research Chair in ultrasound imaging, department of medical biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto.

Fujino, Michimasa, president and chief executive officer, Honda Aircraft Co., Greensboro, N.C.

Fussenegger, Martin, professor, biotechnology and bioengineering, department of biosystems science and engineering, ETH Zurich, Basel, Switzerland.

Hadziioannou, Georges, University Professor Classe Exceptionelle, Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques, Université de Bordeaux, Pessac, France.

Hahn, Horst, director, Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.

Kataoka, Kazunori, professor, biomaterials, department of bioengineering, University of Tokyo, Tokyo.

Kikuchi, Noboru, president and chief operating officer, Toyota Central R&D Labs Inc., Aichi, Japan. Kirchheim, Reiner, distinguished professor of the state of lower Saxony, University of G?ettingen, G?ettingen, Germany.

Lercher, Johannes A., chair, technical chemistry, department of chemistry, Technical University, Munich.

Lohse, Detlef, chair, department of physics of fluids, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands.

Mallat, Stéphane, professor, computer science, école Normale Supérieure, Paris.

O'Connor, Cyril Thomas, professor emeritus and senior research scholar, department of chemical engineering, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa.

Shum, Heung-Yeung, executive vice president, technology and research, Microsoft Corp., Redmond, Wash.

Sifakis, Joseph, professor, School of Computer and Communication Science, école Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.

Smith, Colin P., group president, Rolls-Royce PLC, Derbyshire, United Kingdom.

Vayenas, Constantinos G., professor, department of chemical engineering, University of Patras, Patras, Greece.

Woodford, Dennis A., president, Electranix Corp., Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.